China is one of the first
freshwater aquaculture countries in the world.  Common carp, so-called Chinese carps (grass,
silver, bighead and mud carps) is the oldest species for farming. But now a number of
other fishes have been added to the culturing species, such as Tilapia mossambica,
so-called giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, catfish, mitten crab, eel, Chinese
bream,et al.
Pond
culture is a historical activity in China counties. The culturing systems may be in
extensive, semi-intensive or intensive production style. The Yangzi River and Zhujiang
River stream are major pond culturing places which accounts for three quarters in the
total production. And the production from pond culture is about 80% in total farming
production in China.
Streams,
lakes and reservoirs are open waters. Lake Culture is in some provinces such as Hubei,
Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu in China, which is around the upper stream or low stream
of Yangzi River and also Heilongjiang, Jilin. These lakes are mostly medium or small-scale
ones; the depth of lake is below 5 meters. Stream culture is mainly in Jiangsu, Zhejiang,
Shanghai and Guangdong Provinces. Reservoir culture was developed after the construct of
water conservancy projects. The more common species stocked are the Chinese carps
(bighead, silver carp and black carp), common carp, Wuchang fish (Megalobrama
amblycephala) and the crucian carp (Carassius auratus) are also used.
China is
one of the first countries, which started rice-field aquaculture. Rice-field aquaculture
has been practiced mainly to improve the income of the farmers and to make available an
essential item in the diet of rural people in areas where ¡°rice and fish¡± form the
staple food. Traditionally the species for rice-field culture is common carp, now grass,
silver, bighead, mud carp and tilapia are introduced in rice-field culture.
Cage culture is a relatively new activity in China. Because this kind of culture is
flexible, simple, high production, so it is a developing industry in China. China started
cage culture in 1973. From then the cage culture achieved a remarkable progress across
China, which spread from the south of China, Hainan Island to the north Heilongjiang. The
farming area is mainly in some reservoirs, or some streams or lakes or even in some pond.
The culturing species are mainly silver, bighead, common carp, grass, tilapia and some
fresh prawn.
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Copyright © 1998 Shanghai
Fisheries University
Last modified: Jan.14,1999
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